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Changes have been most rapid for many organisms at the bottom of food chains, such as plants and the animals that eat them.
Concentrations of selenium, a vital element for many organisms at the base of today's ocean food chain, dropped substantially in seawater in advance of three of Earth's largest die-offs, a new study suggests.
Classroom discussions of certain passages, talk of the pros and cons of the various theories that try to explain the disappearance of so many organisms at one time, and systematic debunking of each possibility can leave students with the wonderful realization that there is much that has yet to be discovered.
Crowe et al. [45], [46] have shown that both of these requirements can be fulfilled by using the non-reducing disaccharide trehalose, which is present in many organisms (at up to 20% of their dry weight) that dehydrate almost completely in nature.
The development of next-generation sequencers (NGSs) has enabled accumulation of a large amount of genomic nucleotide sequence data of many organisms at relatively low cost.
The opposite is the case for many organisms at high μ values and is a result of limitations in the TCA cycle or respiratory NADH turnover [ 12, 32, 33].
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This essentially distributed approach to manufacturing seems quintessentially biological with many organisms (us) working at it with total (internet) communication with each other.
In many organisms, metabolite interconversion at the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP pyruvate oxaloacetate node involves a structurally entangled set of reactions that interconnects the major pathways of carbon metabolism and thus, is responsible for the distribution of the carbon flux among catabolism, anabolism and energy supply of the cell.
MT genes of many organisms are regulated at the level of transcription.
In many organisms, AOX occurs at low-to-undetectable levels under normal growth conditions but becomes highly expressed when the standard, cytochrome-mediated, electron transport chain (sETC) is compromised.
Four matrix metalloproteinases (mmp1, mmp3/10a, mmp9, and mmp13) that are known to function during wound healing in many organisms were upregulated at both 5 and 14 dpa, while collagens (col4a1, col4a2, col8a1, col9a3, and col11a1; Figure 3) and muscle-specific genes were downregulated (Table 1; Additional file 2).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com