In support of this possibility, it was recognized that the activities of many nerve terminal proteins were regulated by the ionization of specific cysteine sulfhydryl groups to highly reactive thiolates (Kiss 2000; Lipton et al. 2002; LoPachin and Barber 2006).
Correspondingly, as a mechanism to limit material expenditure and increase efficiency, the turnover rates of many nerve terminal proteins are exceptionally slow relative to those of proteins in the nerve cell body or other cell types (Barber and LoPachin 2004; Barber et al. 2007; Calakos and Scheller 1996; Katyare and Shallom 1988; Lin and Scheller 2000).
Cysteine catalytic triads are often located within the active sites of many critical nerve terminal enzymes (e.g., NEM-sensitive factor, vesicular monoamine transporter).
The hippocampus contains many sources of GABA nerve terminals, including those derived both from GABAergic interneurons and from septo-hippocampal GABAergic afferents.
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone, mostly by acting on neurogenic inflammatory mediators and controlling the neurotransmitter release of sensory and autonomic nerve terminals that are involved in many chronic painful conditions as chronic intractable trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
It's also important to remember that there are many different kinds of synapses in the brain: Cole and his colleagues examined nerve terminals in the rat hippocampus that release glutamate, but terminals in other parts of the brain, and those which release other neurotransmitters, could well be organised differently.
CB1 receptors are expressed primarily on presynaptic peripheral and central nerve terminals, and are found extensively through the anatomical pain pathways as well as many other neurological central and peripheral locations [19, 84 87].
For instance, when motor nerves are severed, nerve terminals degenerate and their original sites are occupied by Schwann cells.
BoNTs specifically and exclusively attack presynaptic nerve terminals.
They are locally recycled at nerve terminals following exocytosis.
