Many organic molecules form crystals where the molecules are bound by van der Waals forces.
Diffusion-controlled reactions involving C, O and N atoms are much less efficient on grain surfaces, and the predicted abundances of several molecules, formed in many published models of grain surface chemistry have to be revised downwards.
At sufficiently high concentrations, many small molecules form colloidal aggregates between 100 and 1600 nm across.
Many scientists think that an important factor in aging is DNA damage caused by free radicals, highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules formed during normal metabolism.
The quorum molecules form the wires between gates.
Algebraically, a network model is given by the so-called stoichiometric matrix (S ij ), whereby S ij is an integer denoting how many molecules of metabolite (i) are formed (S ij > 0) or utilized (S ij < 0) in reaction (j).
Just as the left hand is a mirror image of the right, many molecules come in two forms, identical in chemical composition but mirror images of each other.
Many molecules and the biological structures they form are naturally and brightly fluorescent, both in marine animals (e.g. Fig. 6; Michiels et al., 2008) and in terrestrial organisms (Parrots: Hausmann et al., 2003; scorpions, Stachel et al., 1999; butterflies: Vukusic and Hooper, 2005; plants: Kurup et al., 2013).
dsRNA is a biologically active intermediate molecule formed in many types of viral infections including RV-induced coldon cold.
One tricky aspect is that many molecules have right- and left-handed forms that react differently, with sometimes dangerous consequences.
