Many histone modifications, including acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and methylation, are known to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression [1], [2].
In fact, as best exemplified by testosterone, there exist many structural modifications, including some reasonably expected to be environmentally relevant, that retain or create functional groups responsible for receptor interactions, even increasing properties like anabolic activity.
Polyphenolic compounds from grape skin have been announced to have many physiological modifications, including anti-obesity [ 23- 25], among which, resveratrol is the most frequently investigated one due to its extensive chemopreventive effects.
The N-terminus of Htt is the site of many post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation [30], [31].
Histone tails are subject to many different chemical modifications, including methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation (Marmorstein 2001).
Tau undergoes many post-translational modifications including glycosylation, ubiquitination, glycation, polyamination, nitrosylation, truncation, and phosphorylation (Alonso et al., 2008).
Histones are no longer considered to be simple "DNA-packaging" proteins; they are recognised as being dynamic regulators of gene activity that undergo many post-translational chemical modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and sumoylation.
To reduce this stray-field phenomenon, many nanostructures have been proposed for tip modifications, including carbon nanotube [10 12], Pt nanowire [13], single metallic nanoparticle (NP) [14, 15], etc.
In contrast, histones are subjected to a variety of modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation, on many different amino acid residues.
