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Many microorganisms use multifunctional enzymes to efficiently break down the recalcitrant polymeric networks that constitute plant cell walls.
Many microorganisms use photoreceptors to modulate their motility to seek or avoid regions of illumination depending on light intensity and color.
Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC: 3.5.1.5) occurs throughout the animal and plant kingdom; many microorganisms use this enzyme to provide a source of nitrogen for growth, and it also plays an important role in plant nitrogen metabolism during the germination process [ 1, 2].
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Moreover, it is known that G3P is an extremely important metabolic intermediate for the synthesis of glycerol in many microorganisms used as a precursor for triacylglyceride [ 37].
They are key enzymes in the widespread anaerobic pathway of arginine degradation and many pathogenic microorganisms use this pathway for energy production.
In contrast to many other microorganisms used in biotechnology, simultaneous utilization of carbon sources e.g. present in mixtures such as lignocellulosic hydrolysates is a hall mark of C. glutamicum (Blombach and Seibold [2010]; Meiswinkel et al. [2013a], [b]).
Iron is an essential metal for most microorganisms used in many key molecules involved in metabolism.
During the last decade, many bioemulsifiers have been discovered from microorganisms using different substrates necessary for cell growth, such as carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and glycerol [ 15].
The cultivation of microorganisms using traditional culture has many pitfalls which may explain it's limited utility in describing polymicrobial communities such as that within diseased sinuses.
Although many microorganisms have been used for the bioindustrial generation of valuable metabolites, the productive potential of cyanobacterial species has remained largely unexplored.
Although many microorganisms could be used to efficiently produce 2,3-BD, Paenibacillus polymyxa is the only native producer of optically pure (2 R -2,3-BD3-BD [ 11– 13].
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