As previously demonstrated for microarray approaches, more extensive explorative capture probe sets could recover rare sequences, leading to the detection of many uncharacterized microbial populations.
Many naturally occurring microbial populations attach to surfaces in the form of biofilms exhibiting a pronounced spatial structure (Tolker-Nielsen and Molin 2000; Watnick and Kolter 2000).
While many have noted rumen microbial populations are animal specific, Weimer et al. 30 demonstrated the host effect on community composition.
Second, we note that our experimental population densities are consistent with the population bottlenecks experienced by many microbial pathogens during initial infection [48].
The application of rRNA-based methods to analyze EBPR community structure has changed dramatically our understanding of the microbial populations responsible for EBPR, but many substantial gaps in our knowledge of the population dynamics of EBPR and its underlying mechanisms remain.
But even though selective forces, recombination, and time scales will vary among different microbial populations, theoretical models of rapid adaptation population have shown that many features of the evolutionary dynamics are independent of the specific system (Fisher, 2013; Neher, 2013).
Sequencing clones after 250 generations of further evolution provided no evidence for such a ridge, but did reveal many presumptive beneficial mutations, adding to a growing body of evidence that clonal interference pervades evolving microbial populations.
Research in activated sludge phenomena, such as filamentous bulking, filamentous foaming, nitrogen removal, and phosphorus removal, are replete with many examples of this 'structure function' paradigm, most commonly those that involve 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of the microbial populations.
Since many of the antibiotics used are non-biodegradable, industrial antibiotics used in aquaculture farms can place intense selective pressure on aquatic microbial populations.
