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Many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms.
This is a characteristic of many laboratory strains and it has been shown that, influenced by growth conditions, strains can reversibly switch between the smooth- and rough-LPS phenotype [22], [24].
These repeat polymorphisms in RPI1 are present in wild isolates of yeast as well as in many laboratory strains.
Escherichia coli is a commonly used host in biotechnological production, and many laboratory strains of this bacterium harbour lambdoid prophages.
Furthermore, many laboratory strains are not necessarily evolved for maximization of growth and thus do not meet the FBA predicted growth rate prior to adaptive evolution experiments [ 44].
The fitness advantage conferred by sterility is known and can be modulated by specifying the allele of GPA1, an upstream component of the mating pathway: strains carrying the ancestral (RM) allele gain a 0.6% advantage by becoming sterile, but strains carrying a derived (BY) allele common to many laboratory strains gain a 1.5% advantage.
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Interestingly, darcin is only found at trace levels in many inbred mouse strains of the Castle lineage, including many common laboratory strains such as BALB/c [ 8].
Many laboratory mouse strains such as C57BL/6 lack melatonin production ability because of natural knockdown of the serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity (Roseboom et al. 1998) and low expression levels of hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) protein (Kasahara et al. 2010; Shimomura et al. 2010), which are rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis.
GV is a disarmed derivative of the nopaline wild-type strain C58, which is the parental isolate for many disarmed laboratory strains (reviewed in [ 5]).
In many cases, laboratory strains are difficult to distinguish because of morphological and genetic similarity, especially when laboratory colonies are isolates of certain traits from the same parental strain, such as eye color mutants, individuals with certain chromosomal arrangements or high levels of insecticide resistance.
The ability to generate clean protonemal tissue is particularly useful, because many laboratories maintain strains as protonema given the ease of manipulating plants at this stage.
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