For example, many interventions targeting obesity include some kind of group meetings, such as educational sessions, workshops or group sports lessons [ 18].
With respect to PI, many interventions are targeted toward specific sub-populations.
To conclude, analysing all the interventions, it seems that many interventions are targeted towards high-risk individuals and that some interventions show better cost-effectiveness for high-risk groups.
The workplace is an important domain for adults, and many effective interventions targeting physical activity and weight reduction have been implemented in the workplace.
This finding suggests that models for cost-effectiveness may need to consider nutrigenomics and phenotypes, and determination of the cost-effectiveness of many interventions needs to target the population at risk and not the general population.
The small number of peer reviewed studies may be an indication that many interventions in hospitals target specific problems or focus on microsystems (e.g. teams congregating around specific clinical diseases, or in individual hospital departments such as ED or ICU) rather than take a system-wide approach.
If the first group has been the target of many interventions [60] [63], the second group has largely been ignored as a potentially high risk group [64].
To date there have been few economic analyses of interventions to promote fruit and vegetable intake in comparison to the many analyses of interventions targeting other lifestyle risk factors, such as physical activity [8], [9], alcohol consumption [10], [11] and obesity [12], [13].
Many interventions in the neonatal period are targeted on short-term benefit and, as such, their combined benefit may in time lead to improved neurodevelopmental outcomes.
The results suggest that there was evidence many interventions achieved cost-effective behaviour change with target populations.
