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It is possible that inclusion of many interaction effects may increase prediction.
The initial stage of the cG × E research field has yielded an interesting set of results, detecting many interaction effects between genetic polymorphisms and family adversity on externalizing behaviors.
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Caution is urged in the application of two essential and closely related concepts found in many studies: interaction (effect modification) and the etiologic or attributable fraction.
A single predictor such as age, might ultimately be represented by many indicator variables for different break points and many indicators for interaction effects.
In addition, many significant main and interaction effects were elucidated.
First, the genetic signal underlying variation for silage yield and composition is highly complex, likely comprising many small main and interaction effects distributed across the entire genome.
This method of finding plausible interactions is not limited to the study of mixture effects in toxicology and is therefore relevant in many areas where complex interaction effects are likely to exist.
With ever increasing sample sizes, made possible through meta-analysis of GWA studies across large-scale international consortia, we are perhaps now in a position, for the first time, to detect strong interaction effects for many complex traits, even with the enormous burden of multiple testing.
Finally, another potential reason we did not detect significant race/ethnicity interaction effects is that many diabetic patients also receive care from nutritionists, health educators, and pharmacists and potentially from other physicians and nurses.
For example, transcriptional coregulation amongst many genes will give rise to indirect interaction effects in mRNA expression data [ 10].
The researchers found that once players had an established relationship of trust based on many interactions — once, in effect, the two joined the same clique — they were willing to overlook four or five selfish violations in a row without cutting a friend off.
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