Summary: It is expected that emerging digital gene expression (DGE) technologies will overtake microarray technologies in the near future for many functional genomics applications.
Nanocrystalline metals have many functional and structural applications due to their excellent mechanical properties compared to their coarse-grained counterparts.
The research in the field of design and synthesis of unnatural amino acids is growing at a fast space for the increasing demand of proteins of potential therapeutics and many other diversified novel functional applications.
However, for many functional genomics and proteomics applications including studies on protein subcellular localization [ 10], protein structures [ 11, 12], protein functions in cell-based experiments [ 13, 14], analysis of protein-protein interactions [ 15, 16], and disease-related processes [ 17, 18], expression clones are indispensable.
The fabricated PMMA/BN composite plastics are, thus, envisaged to be valuable for diverse functional applications in many fields, especially for the new-generation thermoconductive insulating long-lifetime packaging materials.
These have inspired not only the development of synthesis, growth, and mechanistic understanding but also the exploration of functional applications in many areas, such as near-field optical probes, optical sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and biomedical labelling [8 27].
The high-quality VO2 thin films grown on silicon substrates have great potential for applications in many functional devices.
Not surprisingly, many functional similarities exist.
In many practically important cases, the functional application of nanoparticles (directional transport of medicinal preparations to target organs and cells, recognition and decontamination of viruses, adsorption [4, 5, 10, 16, 17]) is carried out in liquid media.
However, as in many distributed applications, functional and extra-functional aspects are still interwoven in components.
