Assuming that many data errors, such as jitter, data loss, and data exception, occur in the collected dataset D. The existence of these errors leads to lower metrics for these data indicators, i.e., q c, q t, and q a.
Rates of many other errors, such as 7G→C and 16A→G, were nearly identical across lanes.
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FACS data alone allow many errors in interpretation, such as the counting of subcellular fragments as apoptotic cells.
The software includes many error checking steps such as to prevent entry for a future date.
In many studies, a low rate of errors such as outliers and inconsistencies is used to indicate reliability of the database.
Low frequency tags were discounted under the assumption that many could have arisen through sequencing errors such as base substitution, deletion or addition at a single position [ 14].
It is known that human errors in coding and classification tasks have characteristics, such that (1) many errors are non-random [ 21] and (2) more complex cases are more prone to errors [ 22].
Many studies, however, have severe methodologic errors, such as contaminated controls or inadequate data reporting [see Supplemental Material, Table S1 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0901164.S1)], preventing a conclusive synthesis of the effects of atrazine on sex ratios.
