Such systems arise frequently in many engineering design problems where design parameters must be chosen using qualitative information by the designer to meet a set of desired performance constraints.
It is obvious that the properties of suspensions depend on many system variables (i.e., engineering parameters) such as the nanoparticle material, concentration, size, and shape, the properties of the base fluid, and the presence of additives, surfactants, electrolyte strength, and pH.
Control systems arising in many engineering fields are often of distributed parameter type, which are modeled by partial differential equations.
The average velocity of shear waves in the top 30 m of soil, νL, has become the parameter used by many engineering design codes and most recently by published empirical-scaling equations to estimate the amplitudes of strong ground motion.
Elastic modulus (E) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) are very important engineering parameters that is required for many engineering projects.
In many of these problems there are physical or engineering parameters which characterize the problem but also geometrical parameters holding a Cartesian geometrical setting; this configuration is quite typical for industrial devices, and plants and related constructions and products.
For many engineering systems, however, the mean values and variances of those random parameters are inherently interval parameters.
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rock is an important mechanical parameter which is required for many engineering projects.
In many engineering fields such as solid mechanics, quantum mechanics, parameter identification and automatic control, we often need to study the system stability and optimal control of linear discrete systems.
Although the system parameters or properties are uncertain in many engineering problems, but their probable range of values i.e. upper and lower bounds, can be provided from practical experience and engineering knowledge.
