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"We think this will be the first of many common variants that cause obesity," said Alan Herbert, another leader.
Many common variants have been associated with hematological traits, but identification of causal genes and pathways has proven challenging.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has led to the discoveries of many common variants associated with complex human diseases.
In addition, many common variants may contribute risks that are too small to have shown up in current surveys, he said.
We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
Defenders of the HapMap and genome-wide association studies say that the approach made sense because it is only now becoming cheap enough to look for rare variants, and that many common variants do have roles in diseases.
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Genetic drift or bottleneck effects explain many common variant alleles, while balancing selection maintains others (processes that conserve genetic polymorphism, usually when heterozygotes for an allele enjoy greater reproductive fitness than do homozygotes) (Im et al. 2011).
Given the current bias in genotyping common SNPs, it seems unlikely that we have missed many common-variants with medium or high effect-sizes, as they would have been discovered in the large-sample studies.
Although association studies had been successful in identifying many common genetic variants, these variants have small effect sizes, odds ratios are typically below 2, and are therefore not useful in clinical settings.
In genetic epidemiology, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), also known as whole genome association study (WGA study, or WGAS) or common-variant association study (CVAS), is an examination of many common genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.
The "common-disease common-variant" hypothesis proposes that these diseases arise from many common DNA variants, each with a modest influence on disease risk.
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