To sustain and regulate the brain temperature, many mechanisms of biological brain cooling have been evolved, including Selective Brain Cooling (SBC), cooling through surface water evaporation, respiration, behavior response and using special anatomical appendages.
Even in the absence of a systematic difference in tissue composition, many biological samples including brain, blood [ 4] and tumor samples [ 5] can display great variability and PSEA can improve the detectability of changes in gene expression when expression is contributed by cell populations whose abundance vary across samples.
Many biological entities, from brains to gene regulatory networks, are organized into modules – dense clusters of interconnected parts within a complex network.
Complex network topology is characteristic of many biological systems, including anatomical and functional brain networks (connectomes).
Beyond that, in a recent government funded five year study performed at Harvard Medical School, people under stress who practiced meditation were shown to be able to enhance many biological effects on their body and brain.
Moreover, the identified specific subnetworks for each brain region revealed many biological pathways perturbed in AD which will lead to greater insight into AD pathogenesis.
As a house keeping enzyme, β1, 4-Gal-T1 is thought to be the key enzyme to have important roles in many biological events, including morphogenesis, mammalian fertilization, brain development, cellular adhesion, and so on.
Reaction Diffusion (RD) mechanisms can describe many biological phenomena such as neuron firing in the brain, the heartbeat, cellular organization activities or even biological disorders such as fibrillation.
If these approaches are successful the result could be a computer capable of running a thousand times faster than a biological brain but with energy costs many times lower than a conventional supercomputer.
It indicates that many biological pathways are perturbed in cultured astrocytes compared to their counterparts acutely purified from animal brains.
