In contrast, although Schwann cells bundle many axons initially in the adult peripheral nerves, they usually ensheath non-myelinated axons with sheet like wrappings of cytoplasm which isolate axons from each other (Gasser, 1956; reviewed in Farbman, 1992).
Kinesin-1 has been related with axonal growth, axon initial segment, and with acetylated tubulin.
It orchestrates the specification, growth, and compartmentation of the axon: axon initial segment, axonal shaft, presynapses.
One powerful means of controlling excitability is to directly modulate the site of spike initiation, the axon initial segment (AIS).
Thus, we assessed whether tubulin acetylation due to HDACs inhibition was affecting axon initial specification or only axonal growth.
Density of immunolabeling in the soma of ITC neurons was moderate, and axonal profiles were immunonegative including the axon initial segment, the axon trunk and terminals.
Similarly, in CA1 pyramidal neurones of α2 subunit knockout mice, clustering of both gephyrin and of NL2 is decreased in many subcellular compartments, but most prominently in the region of the axon initial segment, where α2 subunit-containing GABAergic synapses are abundant (Nusser et al., 1996; Nyiri et al., 2001; Panzanelli et al., 2011).
As neurons further mature, axon initial segment (AIS) starts to assemble at the axonal region proximal to the cell body.
The axon initial segment (AIS) plays a crucial role: it is the site where neurons initiate their electrical outputs.
The axon initial segment (AIS), located within the first 30 μm of the axon, has two essential roles in generating action potentials and maintaining axonal identity.
