In online social networks, many application problems can be generalized as influence maximization problem, which targets at finding the top-k influential users.
As the information is propagating along characteristics, the proposed scheme does not have the CFL time step restriction of the Eulerian method, allowing for a more efficient numerical realization for many application problems.
It is well known that (see, e.g., [28 32] and the references given therein) many application problems in fluid mechanics, physics, mathematical biology, and chemistry were formulated as nonlocal mathematical models.
The investigation of oscillatory behavior of solutions of various types of differential equations done by many researchers is motivated by many application problems in physics, biology, ecology, and so on.
In many application problems, the underlying spaces are partially ordered topological spaces, which are equipped with both topology structures and ordering relations, such as Banach lattices, Riesz spaces (see [1, 6, 10]).
Research work followed have been using the same semi-infinite model with solution techniques for approximate and exact results in both analytical and numerical manners for many application problems involving finite elastic solids.
Many physical application problems are axis-symmetric.
Linear inverse problems often arise in many real-world application problems such as signal and image processing, medical image reconstruction, etc.
The recent integrated differential evolution (IDE) with the proposed constraint handling technique is tested for solving benchmark problems with constraints, and then applied to many chemical engineering application problems with equality and inequality constraints.
Despite the existence of many applications, the problem of rational engineering of multi-agent systems remains complex and difficult.
Boundary value problems on infinite intervals have many applications in physical problems.
