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Many abiotic processes can produce carbon with isotopic signatures similar to organic matter.
Examples of the contribution of microbial life to geomorphology over long, medium and short timescales suggest that microorganisms play key geomorphological roles in two major situations; on the cusp between stable states, and in extreme environments where higher plant and animal life is limited and many abiotic processes are also constrained.
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Elemental sulfur can form via several biotic and abiotic processes, many beginning with small sulfur oxide or polysulfidic sulfur molecules that coarsen into S8 rings that then coalesce into larger forms: S n O m 2 − → S 8 aq → S 8 nano → S 8 sol → S 8 α − S 8 bulk.
Rice productivity is affected by many abiotic and biotic stresses.
First, abiotic processes break the polymer into progressively shorter segments.
The efficiency of bioaugmentation is determined by many abiotic and biotic factors discussed in this paper.
Salinity is one of the many abiotic stresses limiting rice production worldwide.
Ectopic expression of many abiotic stress responsive rice genes in Arabidopsis and/or tobacco makes plants tolerant to abiotic stress responses.
Amino acids formed by abiotic processes are moderately to highly enriched in heavy isotopes.
Sterile control experiments were performed to differentiate biotic and abiotic processes.
These episodic disturbances have varying implications for various biotic and abiotic processes and patterns.
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