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To reduce the rate of P buildup, manure rates will need to be reduced while meeting N requirements where possible.
To reduce the risk of long term soil test P (STP) buildup to excessive levels, at some point, manure rates need to be curtailed.
Research is needed to evaluate if higher manure rates can be justified for fields that support yields substantially above the currently listed Cornell yield potentials.
Winter grain silage fields with high manure rates may still respond to a small nitrogen application at green-up 20-300 lb. per acre).
No significant interactions between manure rates and compaction and subsoiling treatments were observed for corn grain and silage yields, N uptake and NRE.
Average increases in corn grain yields over all manure rates due to subsoil tillage of compacted soil were 2002 kg ha−1 in 2000 and 3504 kg ha−1 in 2001.
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Spring injection or immediate incorporation of a lower rate of manure increases the N-value of the manure and can avoid N limitation by a lower manure rate.
Applying the high rate of manure did not impact SOM while the tillage-incorporation of the lower manure rate resulted in an 11% decrease in SOM (Fig. 1).
Besides, in the last two years, there was no need for mineral N application for the manure rate of 250 kg N ha−1 year−1.
In the medium term, the intermediate manure rate (250 kg N ha−1 year−1) optimizes nutrient recycling within the farming system, and it should be considered in the analysis of thresholds for N of organic origin to be applied to systems with high N demand.
For a given manure rate, increasing biochar application rate resulted in higher negative priming effect (Fig. 2).
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