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What was once a linear development process from idea to engineering, building and selling has itself been transformed as products are developed more collaboratively and we are seeing more customized manufacturing driven by 3D printing.
A manufacturing driven design strategy allows a substitution of manufacturing processes at a later stage of the product life cycle, while a function driven design strategy increases the performance of a product.
The mill operations, assembly, and processing of the past have been replaced by advanced manufacturing - manufacturing driven by science and technology.
The choice of ingredients varied from common (occasion driven) items like coffee, tea and milk to actives like curcumin and potato protease inhibitor (food manufacturing driven).
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Domestic demand helped push order books to a four-month high in December, while car production and plastics manufacturing drove a rise in output over the past three months.
When we include GDP in the regression (not shown), controlling for manufacturing drives the coefficient on GDP in 1900 essentially to zero; the coefficients on the other two variables remain largely unaffected, but the significance of manufacturing is removed.
There was a consensus also that the U.S. is experiencing a major manufacturing renaissance driven by reduction of costs -- especially in energy and labor, the two key determinants of productivity in manufacturing.
Years of technological innovations and an influx of American-based manufacturing have driven down the cost of wind energy.
Besides the focus on biomass utilization and bioproducts manufacturing, biorefinery driven technologies have to respond also to other important criteria such as the versatility, diversification of sources and products and process integration.
Following the Second World War, Hong Kong industrialised rapidly as a manufacturing centre driven by exports, and then underwent a rapid transition to a service-based economy in the 1980s.
"We've tried free trade, and not only has free trade not improved the U.S. economy, it's gutted manufacturing and driven down our labor standards," he added, citing NAFTA as a prime example.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com