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In addition, ESV was manually measured by dipping a relaxed inner membrane unit into a water path.
Hence, we set out to compare the values manually measured by Andrews with those, based on the same anatomical reference points and planes, obtained using digital technology to determine whether Andrews' values are still relevant or whether significant differences indicate that digital measurements provide us with better reference values.
All LV structures were manually measured by the same observer as previously described [ 26].
Conventionally, the IMT is manually measured by the trained operator from the US scan images.
Then, the intercapillary distances are manually measured by using the marked points.
The density of the cones was manually measured by three investigators to minimize any potential cone under- or oversampling.
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The intra-observer variability in determining the minimum cap thickness (MCT) was 14.5 ± 11.7 µm for analyst 1. Figure 3 illustrates the manually measured MCT by the three analysts.
Using the density of each food item, taken from the 2005 Canadian Nutrient File (CNF) [ 10] or manually measured (weighed by volume in triplicate), the tablespoon data for each food was converted into grams consumed per day.
Images were acquired with a fluorescence microscope and labelled DNA molecules were individually manually measured in a blind manner by ImageJ software and analysed by Excel.
The amount of distance traveled by nuclei was manually measured at 30 minute intervals.
OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.
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