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In traditional text-based image annotations, the images are manually annotated by humans, and the annotations are used as an index for image retrieval [13, 14].
All compounds within HMDB are manually annotated by at least two annotators [33].
The choice of transcript was based on the amount of evidence supporting each annotation: we selected transcripts manually annotated by the HAVANA group at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, whenever these were available, or transcripts with an appropriate HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee HGNCC) symbol.
The whole acoustic database was manually annotated by our team of trained annotators using the Transcriber tool [12], double checked, and corrected.
The CAL500 (http://cosmal.ucsd.edu/cal/) is a corpus of 500 recordings of Western popular music, each of which has been manually annotated by at least three human annotators, who employ a vocabulary of 174 tags.
WGS contigs containing DNA from the aby gene cluster were identified by BLAST searching, and were manually annotated by using Artemis sequence visualisation and annotation software 35 and BLAST search tools.
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Unlike manually annotated corpora by domain experts, annotations by web users will likely be noisy and inter-annotator discrepancies should be expected [ 7].
Predicted CDSs were manually annotated individually gene by gene by an international consortium of scientists with expertise on different gene functions on xanthomonads (http://www.reseau-xantho.org/reseau_xantho/). Start codon assignment was verified with special care and suggested automatic annotations were individually expertized to generate the proposed annotations.
These artifact segments were manually annotated and replaced by a linear segment (produced by linear interpolation) connecting the end points of the segment.
The evaluation procedure is performed by comparing the manually annotated texts with the annotations generated by our system, measured with the metrics explained in this section.
In addition, we used the Novartis human and mouse tissue gene expression atlas data sets to confirm the cloned EST/mRNA results [ 27]. 3) We limited the classification to protein-coding genes which were manually annotated and reviewed by RefSeq or UniProt database curators.
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