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In 2012, from a field of 21,542 candidates, the proportion of graduates from a routine and manual occupational background rose slightly to 7.1%and3.8%8% of these candidates were successful.
For all causes, there was a clear excess mortality in respondents with manual occupational status.
About half (48.5%) were from manual occupational households, and mean BMI was in the normal range.
In men, OR for those in the manual occupational class showed a stable trend by year.
Respondents with manual occupational status had around 60 80 % greater mortality compared with respondents with non-manual occupational status, and these associations were consistently attenuated by adjustment for behaviours.
Poorer health behaviours were generally more common in respondents with manual occupational status, most markedly for smoking and diet.
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Mishra et al. [ 31], studying British adults, found that those who held non-manual occupational activities and whose parents were also engaged in non-manual occupations at the time of their birth had healthier eating patterns than those who remained in the category manual as well as their parents.
However, they were no more likely to belong to a non-manual occupational social class (web table 2).
†Non-manual occupational social class comprises professional, managerial or technical, and skilled non-manual classes (I-IIINM) according to the Registrar General classification.
Preliminary analyses considered SES in six categories and results demonstrated that the strongest mortality difference was between respondents with manual versus non-manual occupational status.
Occupational class was ascertained at age 43 and the British Registrar General's classification was used to assign study members into a manual or non-manual occupational class.
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