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Here comes an application from Japan that will let you use the iPhone a specific mobile phone as an abacus, a manual calculating tool, which is basically a frame with movable beads strung on wires.
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A detailed description of the following cost accounting scheme is given in the InEK calculation manual for calculating case costs, version 3.0 [15].
And from the department of oddities comes a folk artist's depiction of an elephant lumbering across a page in a German manual for calculating calendar dates.
In this sample, we did not repeat the measurement with A-GI by manual tracing and calculating the manual measured GI (M-GI) used in the schizophrenia studies, but we compared both methods in a sample of twins.
The length of the buried pipe cannot be calculated by manual calculation.
Tumor size was quantified by measuring final tumor mass and tumor volume using manual calipers (calculated as (L×W2)/2).
Anatomic landmarks can often be hidden from view and manual measurements calculated using such images can contain interobserver error.
As detailed in the AGREE-II manual, we calculated a percentage score for each domain using the following formula; ((score obtained by raters−minimum score possible)/(maximum score possible−minimum score possible) × 100), such that the maximum achievable score is 100% and the minimum achievable score is 0%.
The benefit of such a comparison is quickly estimating the stress distribution for a new design variant without carrying out complex theoretical analysis as well as the FEA analysis gives less scope for manual errors while calculating complex formulas related to theoretical analysis of gears.
The Ohio DOT (ODOT) Bridge Design Manual (BDM) requires calculating a minimum reinforced concrete deck thickness using the following equation (BDM 302.2.1): T_{hbox{min} } left( {text{inches}} right) = left( {S, +, 17} right)left( {12} right)/36 ge 8.5{text{ inches}} (1 where S is the effective span length in feet determined in accordance with AASHTO LRFD 9.7.3.2 (AASHTO 2007).
To estimate the overall change in relative difference in non-manual vs. manual groups, we calculated the ratio of HRs (or the change in hazard ratio) per year over the entire 35-year calendar period from the Cox regression model estimates – this provided an estimate of the change in hazard ratio (or relative risk) over the entire follow-up period.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com