Manual and low-tech well drilling techniques have potential to assist in reaching the United Nations' millennium development goal for water in sub-Saharan Africa.
The threat posed by today's terrorists is still primitive, manual and low-tech, but contemporary terrorists are becoming savvier navigators of the internet, with the potential to become high-tech adversaries who can threaten economic sabotage.
This article aims to gain a greater understanding of the personal experiences of Polish migrant workers who work in manual and low-skilled jobs in Scotland, and to explore the experiences of stress and its impact on physical and psychological health and well-being.
So unskilled workers in manual and low-status jobs (blue-collar workers) have typically been either excluded or strongly underrepresented in study samples [ 4, 5, 28].
Our hypothesis is that acupuncture with combined manual and low-frequency electrical stimulation of the needles will improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS and IR.
There is one completed prospective pilot trial investigating the effect of 5 weeks of acupuncture treatment with combined manual and low-frequency electrical stimulation of the needles (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01457209).
Social grade was measured according to the British National Readership Survey classification system and dichotomised into ABC1 (those with higher and intermediate professional/managerial, supervisory, clerical, junior managerial/administrative/professional occupations) and C2DE (those with skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manual, and lowest grade occupations, or unemployed).
On the other hand, lower SES as assessed by educational level, occupation, and monthly income is associated with lower HRQoL, especially for manual occupation and low monthly income.
13 24 Still, these two studies suffered from major limitations: in one sample, women constituted only a small percentage (14%), 24 and in the other sample manual occupations and low educational levels were over-represented (73.5% and 86.5%, respectively).
Occupational class was defined as high (professionals, managers, employers, and higher grade routine non-manual employees) and low (lower grade routine non-manual, other lower grade, and skilled and unskilled manual employees) [ 29].
