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Saline is the ideal distending medium for hysteroscopic procedures in which mechanical or bipolar instruments are used; 5% mannitol may be the safest medium for resectoscopic surgery.
Mannitol may be used if clinical intracranial hypertension exists or appears.
Experimental studies suggested that mannitol may be protective due to the associated diuresis that minimizes intratubular heme pigment deposition [ 53, 67, 116].
4. In the management of rhabdomyolysis, loop diuretics should probably be avoided, although mannitol may be effective on the basis of level IV evidence.
Because the blood-tumor barrier of glioma is abnormal, long-term use of mannitol may be accompanied by mannitol leakage to the interstitial space, leading to aggravated late-onset edema.
Mannitol may be beneficial in the setting of HS because of its effect on expanding the intravascular volume and reducing tissue injury after ischemia by scavenging oxygen free radicals [ 38, 39].
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However, given the evidence that mannitol may actually be harmful in this setting [ 3], this was probably not the appropriate control group.
Importantly, alternatives to hypertonic saline for the treatment of intracranial hypertension such as mannitol may also be detrimental [ 8].
Furthermore, mannitol (at concentrations which may be reached in clinical conditions) and the hyperosmotic stress itself can activate the process of apoptotic cell death [ 32].
In conclusion, other sugars such as mannitol or sorbitol, besides lactose, may be employed as coarse and/or fine carriers for incorporation into dry powder aerosol formulations to increase FPF.
We hypothesised that subjects with non-asthmatic chronic cough also have a heightened cough in response to mannitol and that this test may be a valid outcome measure in chronic cough.
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