Similar to the primary root tip, the manner of cell differentiation in older lateral roots occurs within the root apical meristem (RAM), which is followed by an inhibition of lateral root elongation (Nacry et al., 2005; Sánchez-Calderón et al., 2005).
Interestingly, this Sca1+ population preferentially adopt the myogenic lineage under the influence of tumor environment, by expressing the SC-specific transcription factor Pax7, which is induced by serum factors from cachectic mice and patients, in an NF- κB-dependent manner; however, completion of differentiation was also inhibited by the persistent expression of Pax7.
Experimental studies demonstrated that TNF-α in dose-dependent manner induce differentiation of VSMCs into osteoblast-like cells and stimulate mineral deposition [ 21].
Immunofluorescence imaging analysis showed that insulin expressed at the terminal day of differentiation, in a manner similar to that of mouse isolated islets.
In the PSM, many genes are synchronously activated or repressed in a periodic manner, leading to the concordant triggering of differentiation cues in cell populations.
In the same study insulin was found as an inhibitor of cardiomyogenesis in concentration-dependent manner predominantly during the early phases of differentiation, whereas prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) was discovered as enhancer.
In the same manner, differentiation of Equation 12 with respect to Z will give ∂ θ ∂ Z = N 2 θ r k s, w h e r e N 2 θ = cos θ + δ sin θ cos δ sin θ + δ 2 sin 2 θ sin θ + δ sin θ Open image in new window (14).
Lhx6 is induced early in all MGE-derived interneuron precursors and is required in a dose-dependent manner for the differentiation of the SST+ and PV+ groups of interneurons and the assembly of functional inhibitory circuits (Liodis et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2008; Neves et al., 2012).
Lrp4 functions bidirectionally at neuromuscular synapses, where it responds to neuronal Agrin, stimulating MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase that functions as a master regulator of synapse formation, and functions in a retrograde manner to stimulate differentiation of motor nerve terminals (Yumoto et al., 2012).
Identification of differentiation markers during transformation of stromal cells into osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner may be informative for cell-based tissue engineering.
