The density manipulation was done by manipulating 60% of the broods within plots in the desired direction (Fig. 2; "Electronic supplementary material", Fig. 2).
All this manipulation is done in the name of promoting reproduction and protecting the rhinos from poachers who (were told) kill them for their horns.
However, they don't generally let actual idiots be scientists, and so, like most research, this chicken-bottom manipulation was done by serious, clever people for serious, interesting reasons.
(In placebo surgery, the patient is anaesthetized, cut, and sewn back up again, but no manipulation is done. For obvious reasons, there have been few tests of this. But when it has been done, it has often produced good results for the patients).
Such manipulation was done by 2,270 firms, or 29.2% of those in the sample.Yet, argues Mr Kay, the study conflates two very different activities actual backdating and the timing of options to take advantage of market-sensitive news about the company that the management knew was about to become public.
A similar manipulation was done for the testing of AutoDock Vina [21].
Data representation and manipulation was done via simulation of a 1/1,000th population sample.
The event manipulation is done by new membership numbers for the propagations.
Ideally, to be robust to all routine degradations and malicious attacks, no matter what content-preserving manipulation is done, the image with any distortion should still be correctly classified into the corresponding original image.
