Sentence examples for manipulation of working from inspiring English sources

Experiment 3 included a manipulation of working memory load.

Here, we tested whether or not trait anxiety also modulates efficiency in terms of both brain activation and functional coupling during the manipulation of working memory contents.

Crucially, the effects were observed only for the manipulation of working memory contents not for the mere maintenance of information in working memory.

A significant effect of task condition on recall performance was observed for error rates (maintenance, 6.97 %; manipulation, 14.67 %), F 1, 44) = 29.56, p <.001, as well as for response times (maintenance, 1,140.42 ms; manipulation, 1,164.89 ms), F 1, 44) = 5.412, p =.03, suggesting that the manipulation of working memory contents was more difficult than mere maintenance.

During the task delay phase, across all participants—not taking into account differences in trait anxiety increased activation was observed for the manipulation of working memory contents, as contrasted to mere maintenance, in frontal, parietal, temporal, and subcortical areas of the brain (p <.05, corrected; see Fig.  2a; for peak voxel coordinates, t values, and cluster sizes, see Table  1).

For the manipulation of working memory contents, high- as compared to low-anxious individuals showed stronger functional coupling of the right DLPFC seed region with regions in the right and when adding intelligence as a predictor of no interest in the regression model left VLPFC.

Some imaging studies have combined comparisons of syntactic structure with other manipulations of working memory load, such as the distance between a moved constituent and its trace position.

Total errors were used as an index of working memory manipulation.

For example, asking a subject to remember a particular number (storage) while adding a different set of numbers (manipulation) would constitute a test of working memory.

More specifically, for high- as compared to low-anxious individuals, we predicted that we would find compensatory increases in neural effort in regions of the brain that are known to support cognitive control and executive processes in the context of working memory manipulation.

Considering the limited capacity of working memory, this manipulation allows us to examine whether the load of working memory has an effect on its interaction with external representations.