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Reagentless fluorescent biosensors recognize their antigen in an immediate, quantitative, selective and specific way, without any manipulation of the sample to analyze or addition of reagent.
By this means, all the analyte eluted in the LC stage are automatically transferred to the GC, avoiding the contamination associated with manipulation of the sample.
The key feature of the microfluidic manipulation of the sample is flow programming, designed to pass sample through a mini-column where the target analyte and other complexable cations are retained, while the seawater matrix is washed out.
Subsequently, the retained compounds were eluted and interrogated using experimental conditions designed to maximize mass spectrometric information content; these conditions included optimized solvent systems, optimized flow rates, chemical manipulation of the sample, extended acquisition time, and other appropriate mass spectral techniques.
As the method does not require indentation, pulling, or other direct manipulation of the sample it offers advantages in measuring soft and thin samples [ 63, 64].
For analysis of extracellular (secreted) metabolites in particular, essentially no manipulation of the sample is required aside from addition of a small amount of reference solvent containing D2O for locking the spectrometer and DSS-d6 for referencing the spectra.
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However, the manipulation of the samples themselves could lead to an anti-doping rule violation and sanctions".
Eye protective glasses should be worn during UV light manipulation of the samples.
When the analysis of the tissue effects is done through histological slices, artifacts in the size and the shape of the cavities of the ablation might appear as a result of the excessive manipulation of the samples [ 26].
(8) Isotope dilution methods are advantageous because they can correct sample-to-sample variations in extraction efficiency, chromatography, and other sample handling errors if standards are added prior to any manipulation of the samples.
This method avoids further manipulation of the samples, for example, by pressing or wetting and drying, although it is recognised that some residual particle alignment may be retained, which may slightly influence absolute crystallinity values.
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