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Also, pre-analytical manipulation of samples influence the study results [31].
The analysis of total fatty acids from biological materials is a complex task and precautions should be taken at all times to prevent or minimize the effects of degradation/oxidation by long time and high temperature manipulation of samples.
In manipulation of samples on a cellular scale with a force of tens to hundreds of nano-Newtons, attempts have been made to secure the formation of covalent/non-covalent linkages between the AFM probe and the sample surface.
The demonstrations of focussing, decelerating and trapping fast-moving beams of Rydberg atoms highlight the possibility of employing Rydberg-Stark deceleration methods in the manipulation of samples of positronium atoms for precision spectroscopic studies and investigations of the acceleration of particles composed of antimatter in the gravitational field of the Earth [80].
Bioassays performed with amphipods, however, largely still use 10 42 d static tests in large volumes, require manual manipulation of samples, and employ mortality, growth and reproduction as the major test criteria, which are time and labour intensive, and can be subject to "observer bias".
However, any manipulation of samples in clinical studies is not necessarily advantageous due to possible unforeseen effects on the results.
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The proposed flow system was controlled by Java-written home-made software and designed using three-way solenoid valves for independent automated manipulation of sample and carrier solutions.
Additionally, samples taken at different intervals during repeated dose therapy require manipulation of sampling times before accurate calculation of the patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters.
The collection of the peak and trough samples from two different dosage intervals, however, requires manipulation of sampling times before accurate calculation of the patient-specific kinetic parameters.
ChIP-seq involves extensive manipulation of sample material and multiple reactions with limited quality control at each step, therefore, scaling down the number of cells required has proven challenging.
All manipulations of samples were performed in a biological safety cabinet.
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