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One approach is combining haptics with microfluidics (the manipulation of fluid) to change the physical properties and functionality of the touchscreen — presenting users with a sort of 3D interface.
This therapeutic aspect does not strictly imply manipulation of fluid balance in patients.
It is interesting to speculate whether manipulation of fluid tagging could optimise subtraction.
Besides, microfluidic revolves around the precise manipulation of fluid flow within channels, in which the dimension of the channel cross section is smaller than 1 mm.
79 Although manipulation of fluid flows in cancers has obvious therapeutic implications, standard of care therapies have also been studied to understand the changes in the biophysical microenvironment that occur in patients.
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Since microfluidics enables the formation of a well-confined microenvironment [24], [25], with fast and easy fluidic control [26] and the precise manipulation of fluids [27]−[30], not only the variation of immunohistochemical staining, the amount of time and labor required can be reduced via automation, but also multiple biomarkers can be analyzed on a limited cancer core area.
Current technology relies mostly on performing assay reactions in multiwell plates (MWP) with robotic manipulation of fluids followed by interrogation using optical plate-readers.
It is very obvious that SAW has become a promising and versatile technique for noninvasive manipulation of fluids and particles in microfluidics.
Some benefits of using microfluidics in cellular analyses include high-throughput screening, precise manipulation of the fluid flow, minimal reagent consumption and high sensitivity to small amounts of a sample.
First examples of such manipulation harnessed capillary effect, however the development of microfabrication technologies enabled more sophisticated ways of hydrodynamic manipulation of cells and fluid flow.
An external pancreatic fistula (EPF) generally results from an iatrogenic manipulation of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC), such as walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN).
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