Visual cues preceding the pain stimulus were used to manipulate uncertainty.
Managing and manipulating uncertainty in spatial databases are important problems for various practical applications of geographic information systems.
The probabilistic framework, which describes how to represent and manipulate uncertainty about models and predictions, has a central role in scientific data analysis, machine learning, robotics, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
To more directly determine what aspects of RSVP task-performance lead to TIPL, further research will be necessary which controls for overall performance while manipulating uncertainty and required levels of stimulus processing.
By manipulating uncertainty in the memory of bar lengths after memory encoding and measuring the magnitude of the contraction bias we demonstrate that prior information is introduced during memory retrieval/decision making rather than when the first stimulus is encoded in memory.
Ladouceur, Gosselin, and Dugas (2000) attempted a more direct test of the intolerance of uncertainty hypothesis by manipulating uncertainty in a gambling task and showed that this was associated with increased worry.
Uncertainty in perceived location Since the attention conditions were designed to manipulate uncertainty in where targets could appear within a block of trials but not in the location where they did appear on a given trial, the targets were presented at the maximum contrast possible (Weber contrast = 278%).
The primary advantage of fuzzy systems, is the ability to manipulate uncertainties and expert knowledge.
We manipulated spatial uncertainty by changing the number of possible locations where the stimulus could appear (Figure 1).
She does, however, unapologetically name some early government administrators, politicians, and industry representatives who, as she states, "chose the health of big business over public good, and... skillfully manipulated scientific uncertainty to delay regulation".
