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Reward magnitude and delay to reward were independently manipulated in two separate experiments examining risk-sensitive choice in rats.
To determine the effects of P. laminata on N retention or loss in temperate forest soil, millipede density was manipulated in two mesocosm experiments using adult and larval millipedes.
The data from the pulse decay experiment can be manipulated in two different ways: a straight-line method (Brace et al. 1968; Dicker and Smits 1988; Jones 1997) and type curve matching (Hsieh et al. 1981; Neuzil et al. 1981; Haskett et al. 1988; Kamath et al. 1992).
In another study, the payoffs were manipulated in two other ways.
In our experiment, the information about the symmetry axis was manipulated in two ways.
After the culture reached steady-state, the cells were manipulated in two ways: for enzyme assays, flux measurements and nucleotide determinations, the flows were stopped and methanol was added to the succinate-limited steady-state culture to a final concentration of 50 mM.
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On the other hand, if desires can be manipulated in one direction, why shouldn't they be manipulated in another, more benign direction?
These probes can be manipulated in three dimensions within a standard microscope to target specific cells or cell regions, and record stable full-amplitude IC action potentials from different targeted cells without the need to clean or change the tip.
In comparison, a free-standing probe that can be manipulated in three dimensions (3D; Fig. 1b) would allow targeting of specific cells cultured on substrates or within tissue, although the size of manipulator for such probes will limit multiplexing compared to chip-based methods2,3.
The timing of the second noise was manipulated in six steps, using a between-group design, in order to increase the ITI between Trials 1 and 2 and symmetrically decrease the ITI between Trials 2 and 3. Cardiac defense showed fast habituation at the shortest ITI (2.5 min), but reduced habituation and increased recovery at the longest ITI (27.5 min).
The Netherlands Board on Research Integrity LOWII) concluded that research data had been manipulated in one study, published in Social Psychological and Personality Science.
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