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Two levels of testlet contamination were manipulated by either generating item clustering effect in the second testlet, or not generating item clustering effect in the second testlet.
Two levels of DIF contamination were manipulated by either using 3 additional DIF-present items (i.e., 30 % DIF contamination) throughout the test, or using no DIF-present items other than the studied items throughout the test.
PNa levels can thereafter be easily manipulated by either administering moderate amounts of hypotonic fluids (i.e. dextrose 5%% in water or even dextrose 2.5 % in water so as to avoid hyperglycemia) either to re-lower PNa to safer levels or to stabilize PNA levels.
It can be used to create fair maps of equal demographics, or it can be manipulated by either party.
Our community's hardships are not meant to be politically manipulated by either the president, politicians or non-profit executive directors.
One area, though, where the film was criticized was with regards to the lead heroine, Ariel, who was seen by some as not having a whole lot of agency of her own throughout the film (she is manipulated by either her father, King Triton, or the evil witch Ursula for much of the movie and her prince, Eric, has a more dynamic role in the film).
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The scope of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) service is largely determined by a combination of the information (data) that is either manipulated by a service or returned to a requesting consumer in the response message and the operations that act on that information.
The timing of exercise relative to learning was manipulated by administering exercise either before or after perceptual training.
Second, we determined the mechanism of conflict resolution when the encoding conditions of stimuli are manipulated by presenting stimuli either abruptly (onset) or masked (no-onset).
Subjective value was manipulated by using females that were either 'young' (1 2 days post-eclosion from their pupal cocoons) or 'old' (5 7 days).
Context congruency was manipulated by having the same word repeated by either the same speaker or a different speaker.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com