Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(1)
Such an inclusion criterion would prevent the introduction of bias by excluding studies that manipulate threat in a sample that is already high in efficacy (when meta-analysed, such studies would seem to provide evidence for a main effect of threat, whereas in reality, they provide evidence for a simple effect of threat under high efficacy).
Similar(59)
Regardless of the truth of these hypotheses, by only including studies that (1) manipulated threat and efficacy independently, and (2) measured behaviour as an outcome, the current meta-analysis will provide a robust answer to the question whether fear appeal theory holds.
To draw conclusions that generalise to all behaviour-population combinations, a meta-analysis should include only studies that manipulate both threat and efficacy.
In conversations in hotel lobbies and the convention floor, delegates said they worried about the political implications of an unforeseen event like a terrorist attack in the United States or the possibility that the Bush administration, trying to assure victory on Election Day, might manipulate the terror threat level or announce a plan to withdraw troops from Iraq in a fall surprise.
An empirical test of the role of NP and the three pathways in the model can be achieved through manipulating threat expectancy for two groups of individuals with high versus low NP.
News of the terror threat on Sunday also stirred renewed suggestions from some Democrats that the White House was manipulating terror alerts for Mr. Bush's political gain.
In order to examine the interdependence between men's self-perceptions of social class status and their gender/masculinity attitudes, I use an experimental design to manipulate class threats and measure their impact on masculinity.
A number of Republican Party officials from across the country have actually admitted to manipulating the threat of voter fraud to their advantage.
(As are college-age voters and the elderly). A number of Republican Party officials from across the country have actually admitted to manipulating the threat of voter fraud to their advantage.
England had the foundation to end their time in the 50-over desert – but not the nerve to see the job done when M S Dhoni, again the supreme master puppeteer of the short game, brilliantly manipulated the threat of his spinners Ravindra Jadeja and Ravi Ashwin.
But never mind that, Mr. Perry suggests; those scientists are just in it for the money, "manipulating data" to create a fake threat.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com