Sentence examples for manipulate host defense from inspiring English sources

Setting: The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a human pathogen depends on its ability to tolerate and perhaps manipulate host defense mechanisms.

For example, plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae deliver bacterial virulence factor proteins into the host cell, where they function to manipulate host defense and metabolism to benefit the extracellular bacterial colony [45], [46].

Since these pathways are regulated by serpins that have basic residues at their P1 sites, we speculate that I. scapularis may utilize some of the serpins reported in this study to manipulate host defense.

As these pathways are thought to represent the mammalian host's defense against tick feeding [ 59, 60], it is tempting to imagine that ticks could utilize some of these serpins to manipulate host defense to facilitate tick feeding and disease transmission.

Wikel, S. K. Modulation of the host immune system by ectoparasitic arthropods: blood-feeding and tissue-dwelling arthropods manipulate host defenses to their advantage.

This suggests an early recognition and interaction between host and pathogen at which Z. tritici can manipulate host defenses in susceptible wheat lines.

Presumably, to establish infection, these proteins enable the pathogens to obtain nutrients, or to evade or manipulate host defenses [ 37, 38].

Found in many plant and animal pathogens, T3SSs function to deliver bacterial virulence factors that typically subvert host defenses and/or manipulate host processes, such as cytoskeletal rearrangements (Galan and Collmer, 1999).

However, aphids have the ability to manipulate host plant physiology and to introduce effectors that alter defense signaling [ 3, 4].

With increasing specialization, oligo- and monophagous insects appear to have lost the ability to exploit many different plant species but evolved mechanisms to cope with the particular defense traits of their host, and to even manipulate host characteristics to their own benefit [ 4, 14].

Plant pathogenic fungi secrete small proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous molecules in their hosts to manipulate host cell structure and function, thereby facilitating infection (virulence factors and toxins) or triggering host plant defense responses (avirulence factors and elicitors) or both [ 8– 10].