Further, it is almost certain that an actual filament samples many different structures contained within the manifold sampled by the available models.
A manifold and sample cells capable of operating at high pressure were designed, constructed and evaluated.
The ion exchange cartridges were operated in vertical direction using a Supelco 12-port-Visiprep SPE vacuum manifold before sample feed.
The experimental set-up uses a manifold including the sample reaction minichamber and a dedicated flow-cell designed and built for housing the microcantilever.
This device can also be mounted on the sample manifold in parallel with an X-ray fluorescence detector to give total ODXAS (no optical filter) and total XAS channels simultaneously with image acquisition.
Concentrations were measured at the exposure point via a dichotomous split flow into the sampling manifold or exposure chambers.
Samples were transferred to 3 MM Whatman filter papers and washed with 4 ml per filter of a buffer containing 0.5 M ammonium acetate (pH 3.6) and 30% ethanol (v/v) using a sampling manifold (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
Exhaled breath (primarily alveolar) was collected remotely in an evacuated 1-L Silcosteel canister, attached to the breath sampling manifold by manually opening the canister valve and allowing the breath to flow back through the containment coil, back through the stainless steel sampling line, and into the canister until the contents of the canister reached near-atmospheric pressure (≤1 min).
A 5 mL subsample of each groundwater sample was stained with DAPI (1 µg mL−1) for 20 min at room temperature in the dark and collected on black polycarbonate Isopore Membrane filters (0.2 µm GTBP, Millipore, Ireland) with the Millipore 1225 Sampling Manifold (Millipore, USA) under low vacuum.
After exactly 10 s the reaction was stopped by the addition of 1 mL of 100 mM LiCl and vacuum filtration (0.45 μm HV filters, 1225 sampling manifold, Millipore), with subsequent washing with 2 × 5 mL of ice-cold 100 mM LiCl.
The set S is a discrete uniform sub-sampling of the manifold Ω obtained using farthest sampling principle [64] (e.g., red, green, and blue points in Fig. 5).
