AD is manifested by progressive cognitive deterioration, memory loss, behavioural changes, and eventually dementia.
AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent forms of dementia in humans, the symptoms of which are manifested by progressive cognitive impairment.
The function of one or more of these systems is altered in the presence of disease or injury, and this may be clinically manifested by alterations in cognitive and motor function, physical fitness, habitual physical activity, and physical function.
Nonetheless, bipolar patients list cognitive dysfunction, manifested by mental slowness, as the side effect most likely to precipitate lithium nonadherence (Gitlin et al. 1989).
AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by defined histopathological hallmarks [intracellular and extracellular aggregation of Aβ (β-amyloid) and intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphoshorylated Tau protein] and manifested by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline (Selkoe, 2001; Cummings, 2004; Battaglia et al., 2007).
Different cognitive impairments are manifested by individuals with APD and schizophrenia with violent behaviours, suggesting differences in underlying pathology.
Encephalopathy is manifested by motor delay, mental retardation, progressive cognitive decline, seizures, and feeding difficulties.
In addition, tramadol may precipitate serotonin syndrome (a potentially life-threatening drug-interaction manifested by excess serotonin effect resulting in cognitive, autonomic and somatic effects) in patients taking SSRI.
