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The whole body deletion of Fto resulted in postnatal growth retardation manifested as reduced body weight and length, lower bone mineral density and lower serum IGF-1 levels, but did not affect fat accumulation when fed on either normal or high fat diet.
Cardiac autonomic dysfunction manifested as reduced heart rate variability has been reported in HIV infection.
Even after rescue to the plasma membrane, ΔF508 CFTR has persistent gating defects manifested as reduced open probability (Po).
A fitness cost for a cheater could be manifested as reduced sporulation when developing in a pure population.
Reduced compliance manifested as reduced rapidity of ventricular filling has been described in patients with septic shock.
Enhanced resistance when plants experienced an increase in temperature was observed in seedlings, and manifested as reduced hyphal colonisation compared to seedlings maintained at cooler day temperatures.
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In some cases, especially in the male, infertility is linked to genetic defects in germ cell development that manifest as reduced quantity or quality of sperm (Hull et al. 1985; Reijo Pera et al. 1995; Xu et al. 2001).
Diet, rich in plant polyphenols prevents atherogenesis that manifests as reduced vascular relaxation and formation of plaques.
A study by Venet showed that septic patients display immune system paralysis, manifesting as reduced Th1 B cell function, increased IL-10 production (anti-inflammatory), and global lymphopenia affecting natural killer cells (NK) specifically quantitatively and most importantly qualitatively related to their interferon production, which is pivotal in attacking CMV-infected cells [10, 11].
Agonist ligands such as morphine that do not promote desensitization/endocytosis/resensitization of the MOR, have been shown to facilitate homeostatic adaptive responses in signal transduction that manifest as reduced responsiveness to the presence of opioid ligands at the cellular level, and as antinociceptive tolerance at the behavioral level (for review see [21]).
Impaired cardiac autonomic function, which manifests as reduced heart rate variability (HRV), may be one of the underlying causes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com