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In CSF, specific IgM was present in 15 17% of patients with skin manifestations, compared with 6% of those without rash.
L-Thyroxine treatment defaulters had more severe manifestations compared with de novo subjects.
The frequency of CCR5 d32 was significantly lower in patients with extra-articular manifestations compared with those without extra-articular disease (13.2% versus 22.8%, P = 0.0374).
Within the RA patient cohort, CCR5d32 was significantly less frequent in patients with extra-articular manifestations compared with those with limited, articular disease (13.2% versus 22.8%, P = 0.0374).
They acknowledged the longer delay between exposure and disease manifestations compared with other causes of acute chemical pneumonitis, but they did not offer an explanation for this discrepancy (Sterner and Eisenbud 1951).
Mok's group demonstrated the sST2 level was higher in SLE patients with active disease including renal or nonrenal manifestations compared with those with lesser disease activity and normal controls.
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In line with our results, Henes and colleagues described lower serum HMGB1 levels in GPA patients with predominantly vasculitic manifestations when compared with those with predominantly granulomatous manifestations.
Male SLE patients are believed to suffer more from renal, neurological and cardiovascular manifestations as compared with women SLE patients.
HLA-DRB1*0401 was significantly associated with Felty's syndrome (allele frequency 0.475; P = 0.003) but not with other individual manifestations when compared with non-extra-articular RA (Fig. 1).
The higher sensitivity and specificity of RF for the presence of extraarticular manifestations as compared with anti-CCP antibodies, as reported in other studies [ 4, 43, 44], is a probable explanation for our findings.
For every 1000 women, this translates into 91 fewer first manifestations of coronary heart disease over the lifetime and 48 more first manifestations of stroke compared with men.
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