Sentence examples for mandate was enacted from inspiring English sources

Although the average age of first-time mothers was higher in treated states than in control states even before any mandate was enacted, Fig. 2b, c show that, for states with 'strong mandates to cover' and for IL-MA-RI, the treated-control gap became larger after the passage of the mandates.

Figure 5 plots the average number of biological children over a woman's reproductive life for two cohorts (women born between 1949 1952 and between 1954 1957) in the control, strongly treated and comprehensive states (IL-MA-RI) using data from the June CPS.36 When the first strong mandate was enacted in Maryland in 1985, women in the older (younger) cohort were between 33 36 28 311) years old.

We created a dichotomous variable to distinguish years before the mandate was enacted from the year the mandate was enacted and subsequent years.

Interestingly, visual inspection of Fig. 2 indicates that the treated-control gap may have been increasing even before the mandates were enacted, especially for IL-MA-RI.

We believe that the mechanism operating here is simple; suppose no supply constraints existed for infertility treatments when the mandates were enacted.

Buckles (2005), uses the number of years since the mandates at the time of the interview in a sample which includes women who were children as young as 8-year-old at the time the mandates were enacted.

In Panel A, the independent variables of interest are dummies of year-intervals (e.g. 1 5 and 6 10 years) since the mandates were enacted by the age of 30.

The long-term effect may be larger than the short-term effect because, for example, women who were young when the mandates were enacted strategically delay motherhood (i.e., exert ex-ante moral hazard).

An alternative explanation for the increasing effect may be that supply constraints for fertility treatments existed when the mandates were enacted but gradually disappeared due to technological improvements and/or price reductions, giving access to a larger number of users of infertility treatments.

In particular, we regressed maternal age at first birth for the period 1972 2001 from birth certificates from the National Vital Statistics System dataset on a set of state and year fixed effects and on indicators of the number of years passed since the mandates were enacted in the mother's state of residence.

"There is no reason that businesses in our state should have to worry about expensive HR mandates being enacted by the nearly 2,000 units of local government in Wisconsin," said Chris Reader, a director at the business association Wisconsin Manufacturers and Commerce, when GOP Gov. Scott Walker signed the bill into law in April.