Ms Rousseff's new mandate starts amid a grim mood with problems ranging from a stagnating economy to the major corruption scandal hitting Brazil's oil giant Petrobras, once considered the jewel in the Brazilian crown.
Trump signed tax legislation in December that ends the mandate starting next year.
The law tightens the mandate starting in 2022, with boards of six or more members required to have at least three female directors.
CAFE's mandate starts out innocently even promisingly enough, laying out the association's commitment to "achieving equality for all Canadians, regardless of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, family status, race, ethnicity, creed, age or disability".
Mr. Gruber had already spent years researching government mandates, starting with his 1991 dissertation about how mandated employer benefits cut into workers' wages.
As governments push renewables, several states have mandated varying levels of biodiesel, from B2 (2 percent biodiesel) to as much as B20 (20 percent), which Minnesota has mandated starting in 2015.
A11 Black History Course Mandated Starting this fall, Philadelphia students entering city high schools as ninth graders will be required to take a course in African-American history, making the city the first major one to have such a requirement for high school graduation.
The country's 170 million people have been warned that even if they are cutting their consumption by the 20percentthatat was mandated starting June 1, they may still face rolling blackouts and unscheduled power failures unless the worst drought in decades comes to an end.
In a blog post last year, the venture capitalist Hunter Walk proposed an interesting idea: a legally mandated "start over" button that, when pressed, would allow users of social networks to delete all their data, clear out their feeds and friend lists, and begin with a fresh account.
