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Moreover, the nature of managerial work is action oriented and full of interruptions.
A point worth emphasizing, and one emphasized in almost every serious study of managerial work, is that the formal information — in other words, information capable of being processed in a computer — does not play a particularly dominant role here.
Although effective managers have to be adept at responding quickly to numerous and varying problems, the danger in managerial work is that they will respond to every issue equally (and that means abruptly) and that they will never work the tangible bits and pieces of information into a comprehensive picture of their world.
The importance of this distinction (for convenience, we shall mostly refer to inside versus outside) is that much of managerial work is clearly directed either to the unit itself, for which the manager has official responsibility, or at its various boundary contexts, through which the manager must act without that responsibility.
In the largest facilities, formal and regular managerial committees bring together those staff nominated as heads of department for different sections of the facility, whereas in smaller facilities all the managerial work is undertaken by the FM and, perhaps, a 'second-in-charge' (the operational manager).
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Individual and managerial work are worlds apart.
Thus it must be concluded that the long-popular description of managerial work was not so much wrong as narrow, focusing almost exclusively on one restricted aspect of the job: informational control of the unit through the exercise of formal authority.
Henry Mintzberg's first book, The Nature of Managerial Work, was assigned reading for MBA students at Indiana Univ. in the 1970's.
As I discuss in Simply Managing (and also observed long ago in The Nature of Managerial Work), managing is hectic: it is fast-paced, high-pressured, and frequently interrupted.
The essence of the model, designed to enable us to "see" managerial work comprehensively, is that these roles are carried out on three successive levels, each inside and outside the unit.
He is also working on a book about managerial work to be published by Oxford University Press.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com