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(CI 14) In summary, most trials which planned a managerial mode of PPI implemented it.
Informants' accounts indicated that all trials which had planned a managerial mode of PPI did implement it (table 1).
(CI 21) There were several examples akin to this among trials incorporating a managerial mode of PPI, in which CIs reported having personal expectations for PPI or in which PPI contributors appeared to be an integral member of the research team.
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The future of left-wing politics domestically and internationally doesn't just lie in party structures or in ideas cooked up in Westminster: there is a necessary reformulation of where power lies, moving away from top-down managerial modes of leadership to giving people a say.
Unlike the six trials with a mainly oversight mode, many of the managerial mode trials had utilised more than one form of PPI.
The managerial configuration applies a hierarchical mode of decision-making coupled with a degree of decentralization.
Governance: serves as an umbrella concept including different forms (hierarchy, market, network, and professional self-governance), different sets of managerial and professional modes of governing, and institutions and actors: ● Hierarchy: top-down exercised on levels of state and/or hospitals.
Mode of travel: Feet.
Mode of transport: Car.
However, prior research has often neglected the external mode of knowledge exploitation despite the contradictory situation that some pioneering companies realize enormous benefits whereas most other firms experience strong managerial difficulties.
A new mode of consumption.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com