Functional imaging is emerging as a valuable contributor to the clinical management of patients with rectal cancer.
Clinical management of patients with rectal cancer depends significantly on pre-operative staging.
Tumor size may help to complement clinical staging and further optimize the pre-operative management of patients with rectal cancer.
Indeed, prognosis and management of patients with rectal cancer differ from that of patients with CC, as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and quality of surgery have a significant impact on local recurrence 39, 40.
As a consequence, the clinical management of patients with rectal cancer differs significantly from that of the colon in terms of surgical technique, the more frequent use of radiotherapy and method of chemotherapy administration.
Though initially employed in the children presenting with failed conservative management, the therapy was subsequently added as adjunct to the conservative management for every case with rectal prolapse, so as to expedite the relief.
TEMS for the management of rectal LNPCPs has been associated with lower rates of early recurrence than with pEMR, in addition to allowing more robust histological examination.
Antenatal screening, which is now common practice in the USA and several European countries, aims to identify maternal GBS colonisation at 36 38 weeks gestation, through vaginal-rectal swabs, for management with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).
On the other hand, the need for complex preoperative management would increase waiting times, as might be the case for elderly patients [ 41] or patients with rectal cancer requiring medical optimisation before resection.
The management of rectal cancer (RC) has substantially changed over the last decades with the implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant therapy and improved surgery such as total mesorectal excision (TME).
