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Surgical, endoscopic or combined management of obstruction was unselected and on individual basis upon treating physician's experience.
By contrast, in younger ages (<77 years) the management of obstruction is mainly done by surgery as monotherapy (Table 4).
In the elderly patients (>77 years) there was an increase in the use of colonoscopy as monotherapy or combined with surgery in the management of obstruction (Table 4).
Data on surgical management of obstruction included history of previous surgery, timing of the operation (urgent-scheduled), surgical finding and type of surgical intervention for obstruction.
Data on endoscopic management of obstruction included information on bowel cleansing, end point of colonoscopy, number and type of findings - if more than one - and method, if any, used for the treatment of obstruction.
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Using as denominator the total number of patients presenting with non-conservatively (surgery ± colonoscopy) managed obstruction the management of bowel obstruction by using surgery decreased over the years (Table 3).
The study clearly demonstrated the role of colonoscopy and combined surgery with colonoscopy in the management of intestinal obstruction, especially in large bowel intestinal obstruction in the elderly patients.
Further research is warranted to define the role of The Repose System in the management of obstructive sleep apnea patients with multilevel airway obstruction.
Large prospective controlled randomized trials are needed to assess the effectiveness for each modality on the management of bowel obstruction Colonoscopy was increasingly performed over the years in patients presenting with non-conservatively treated bowel obstruction.
It is important to recognise the presence of lobar and segmental liver atrophy and hypertrophy, as it influences the surgical and interventional management of biliary obstruction [3, 7].
The successful management of intestinal obstruction depends on early diagnosis.
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management of occlusion
management of barriers
management of blocking
management of management
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management of art
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management of expectation
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