Such efforts will lead to the production of biodiesel, environmental management of effluents and usage of the oil extracted/defatted algal biomass as animal feed supplement.
While the latter approaches, which allow full management of effluents, seem very promising in terms of emission control, the cost estimates available would rule out any practical relevance.
The mixture of several effluents, caused by the improper handling and management of effluents, generated multi-component wastewater containing both metals and dyes, leading to the complicated treatment process.
Widespread use of chromium (Cr) contaminated fields due to careless and inappropriate management practices of effluent discharge, mostly from industries related to metallurgy, electroplating, production of paints and pigments, tanning, and wood preservation elevates its concentration in surface soil and eventually into rice plants and grains.
Careful selection of imported co-digestates and management of digester effluent is required to manage salt and nutrient mass loadings and reduce groundwater impacts.
The results of the analysed parameters allowed us to conclude that the composting process was operating properly and that composting of DSF can a solution for the management of biogas effluent.
In addition, the olive mills seasonal operation, small size, and scattered distribution hinder the effective management of the effluent [ 3].
The management of the effluents generated by olive oil industries, commonly known as olive mills, represents an ever increasing problem still unresolved.
Among the three effluent management programs, pipelining of effluent for plant watering exhibited the lowest environmental impacts.
Additional improvements resulted from system maturation, increased operator experience, and the addition of earthen flow spreaders within the vegetative treatment area to slow flow and provide increased effluent storage within the treatment area, and switching to active management of settling basin effluent release.
