It has been demonstrated that stem cell-based periodontal regeneration is likely to produce more reliable and effective results in the management of periodontal defects, particularly of the large tissue defects caused by the disease.
The induced membrane (Masquelet) technique, involving the placement of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer in the defect with subsequent bone grafting, has emerged as a useful adjunct in the management of large defects.
Also, management of bone defects and necessity of bone grafting were heterogenous between the studies.
The osteoperiosteal flap technique has made a strong contribution towards management of these defects.
Distraction osteogenesis remains a method of choice for the management of bone defects in excess of 4 cm [6, 7].
So far, results are extremely promising, setting new frontiers in the management of bone defects.
Management of periodontal defects has always been a challenge in clinical periodontics.
Endovascular management of intimal defects has also been proposed [32] Occasionally, these injuries can progress to arterial thrombosis.
To a certain extent, the system can replace manual inspection and carry out the digital management of track defects.
The method of osteogenesis by distraction is a known technique in orthopaedics for the management of bone defects secondary to trauma, infections or tumours.
Many potential treatment options exist for revision surgery, including open or arthroscopic Bankart repair, bony augmentation procedures, and management of Hill Sachs defects.
