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The reduction was possible due to the renewal of coffee crops with Arabica varieties resistant to coffee rust, the implementation of integrated management of coffee pests and diseases, and the maintenance of the soil's productive capacity and natural fertility.
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There have been other wildly popular Colombian telenovelas in the past, like "Cafe," about romance and treachery within the management of a coffee company.
Despite these advantages, only ~180 microsatellite markers have been reported till to date for coffee [ 4- 12], signifying the need for expanding the repertoire of these genetically highly informative markers for efficient management and improvement of coffee germplasm resources.
Fig. 3 Conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management for coffee.
This paper aims to investigate the management of the sustainable coffee supply chain.
Since the majority of species (71%) were rare and found only in one or two farms, complementarity among types of coffee management (68 77%), and coffee managements and forest (90 92%) was very high.
Our results suggest that shade diversity is actively managed by coffee farmers and that all three types of coffee management studied may have an important role to play in the conservation of regional biodiversity.
We found no effect of coffee management on vegetation damage or on economic losses at the plot or farm scale.
We investigated how bird community composition and richness, and abundance of different bird groups responded to different intensities of coffee management and the landscape context.
We surveyed birds at 66 points in forest habitat with different intensities of coffee management and at different distances from the forest edge.
We established sites across a range of coffee management systems, at varying distances to forest fragments, and in forest fragments and examined prey removal by ants on the ground, coffee branches, and shade tree trunks in the wet and dry season.
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