Angus × Simmental steer calves (n = 208) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design of treatments to determine the effects of finishing management (confinement vs. pasture) and production system (traditional vs. naturally raised) on performance, carcass, and economic characteristics.
Other studies found that the prevalence of Giardia infection was not associated with factors such as calf management, confinement, manure accumulation, farm hygiene, or duration of the calving season [ 14, 19, 23].
LETS have been found to support alternative livelihoods under quite uncommon conditions, and contribute indirectly to eco-localization by moderately facilitating informal resale, repair, and sharing of commercially produced goods, although their burdensome management and confinement to small memberships limit their usefulness.
Silicon on Diamond (SOD) is a substrate engineered to address the major challenges of silicon-based ULSI technology, in particular, to provide for enhanced thermal management and charge confinement.
Changes in the flowering phenology and reproductive strategy of plants, specifically in feral conventional crops or sexually compatible weeds, could have important implications for transgene confinement and management.
Transport and the subsequent confinement, handling and management at sales events may contribute to physiological stress [ 10, 12, 13, 16].
Cattle were never present at sites 4, 5, 6, or 7 due to confinement and active management, and rugged topography too difficult for cattle to access.
We used ISO-compliant life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the environmental burdens of grass-fed beef with management-intensive grazing (GF) and confinement dairy beef (DB) production systems in the Northeastern U.S. The impact scope included global warming potential, eutrophication and acidification potential, fossil fuel and water depletion, and agricultural land use.
Prisons soon returned to solitary confinement as an inmate-management strategy.
The zeolites are believed to play an active role in the water and methanol managements through adsorption and transport, and the confinement of the PFSA within zeolite environment changes its microstructure resulting in the improved thermal stability.
An efficient light management is essential to further improve the light confinement in the cells.
